Types of Reading Problems

Dyslexia

Specific Comprehension  Deficit

Mixed Decoding Comprehension Deficit

Examples of Key Measures

Listening

Comprehension

Average to above average

 Below average

 Below average

Language Testing:

WJIV Oral Comprehension;

WIAT-III Listening Comprehension; Other measures, both formal and informal

Reading

Comprehension

 Below average

 Below average

 Below average

WJIV Passage Comprehension; WIAT-III Reading Comprehension; Other achievement measures, both formal and informal

Oral Language

Skills

Average to above average

Below average in one or more sub-components of language

Below average in one or more sub-components of language

Formal and informal language testing

Decoding/Spelling

Below average

Average or above

average

Below average

WJIV Letter-Word ID and Spelling; WIAT-III Word Reading and Spelling, or other achievement measures, both formal and informal, including classroom reading, fluency and writing samples

Reading

nonsense words

 Below average

Average or above average

Below average

WJIV Word Attack; WIAT-III Pseudo-word Decoding; Other achievement measures, both formal and informal

Phonological

Processing

 Below average

Average or above

average

 Below average

CTOPP-2 or other measures of phonological processing that include phonological awareness and rapid automatic naming

Cognitive Ability

Average to above average

Average to below average

Average to below average

 Psychologist testing